Terephthalic acid

Made by oxidizing p‑xylene; used to produce PET plastics, polyester fibers, and resins. Releases can occur as dust during manufacturing and handling [3][2].

Breathing or touching dust at workplaces. For most people, exposure is low; PET products contain TPA bound in the polymer, so migration is minimal during normal use [2][3].

Causes eye, skin, and airway irritation. High-dose animal studies found bladder stones and some bladder tumors, linked to irritation from stones; evidence in people is limited and typical consumer risk appears low [1][2].

Workers making, transferring, or bagging TPA or polyester/PET; maintenance and cleanup staff; people with asthma or chronic lung disease may be more sensitive to dust [2].

Use closed systems and local exhaust; control housekeeping to reduce dust; wear appropriate eye, skin, and respiratory protection; wash hands before eating; report visible dust or spills near facilities. Normal use of polyester/PET products is not a major source [2][3].