Propachlor

Agricultural use; runoff can carry it to streams, and it can seep into groundwater and private wells [1][3].

Drinking contaminated well water; contact with treated soil/equipment; breathing spray drift; occupational mixing/applying. Food is usually a smaller source where use is limited [1][2].

Short-term exposure can irritate skin and eyes; repeated exposure has caused liver and kidney changes and tumors in animals. Evidence for cancer in humans is insufficient [1][2].

Farmworkers and applicators; people living near treated fields; private‑well users near agriculture; pregnant people, infants, and children (more sensitive to toxic effects) [1][3].

Follow posted re‑entry times and avoid drift; wash produce; if you use a private well near fields, test for herbicides and consider NSF/ANSI Standard 53 (activated carbon) or 58 (reverse osmosis) certified filters; follow workplace protections (gloves, eyewear, respirators as directed) [3][4].