Where It Comes From
Production and use of PFAS‑treated textiles, paper/food packaging, and industrial coatings; releases during manufacturing, product use, and disposal [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Drinking contaminated water, eating affected foods, indoor dust and treated consumer products, and certain workplaces [1][2].
Why It Matters
PFAS are extremely persistent; some are linked to increased cholesterol, immune and liver effects, and developmental harm; PFOA is carcinogenic to humans [1][3]. Some polymeric PFAS can transform into other PFAS in the environment [2].
Who Is at Risk
People with PFAS‑contaminated water, workers who make/use PFAS, pregnant people, and infants/children (via dust and breast milk) [1][2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Check local water quality; use certified filters (activated carbon or reverse osmosis); follow fish advisories; reduce indoor dust (HEPA vacuum, wet‑mop); choose PFAS‑free products when possible [1][2].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) ToxFAQs and PFAS and Your Health. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
- [2]U.S. EPA. Learn about PFAS; Understanding the Risks of PFAS; Reducing PFAS in Drinking Water. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
- [3]IARC. Some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. IARC Monographs; Press Release No. 264, 2023 (PFOA classified Group 1).