PFNA

Fluorochemical manufacturing and processing, some firefighting foams, and treated textiles/packaging; it does not break down easily [1][2].

Drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated fish or food, breathing or ingesting dust at home, and certain workplaces (chemical plants, plating, textiles, firefighting) [1][3].

PFAS like PFNA have been linked to higher cholesterol, liver effects, reduced vaccine response/other immune changes, and developmental effects; animal studies show liver and developmental toxicity [1][2][4].

People with PFAS‑contaminated water, workers handling PFAS or AFFF, pregnant people, infants and children, and communities near sites using or making PFAS [1][2].

Check your water report; if PFAS are elevated, use certified PFAS‑reducing filters (activated carbon or reverse osmosis), follow local fish advisories, minimize products marketed as stain‑/water‑resistant that may contain PFAS, and reduce indoor dust with wet cleaning/HEPA vacuuming; discuss infant feeding and water choices with a clinician—don’t stop breastfeeding solely due to PFAS [1][2][3].