Where It Comes From
Produced for dye and chemical manufacturing; can enter air, water, and soil from industrial use, spills, or waste sites [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing dust or vapors at work; skin contact; drinking contaminated water or contact with air/soil near facilities or hazardous waste sites [1][2].
Why It Matters
Short-term exposure can cause methemoglobinemia (bluish skin, headache, dizziness) and irritate eyes/skin; severe cases can be life‑threatening [1]. Repeated exposure primarily affects the blood; systemic effects seen in animal studies [2].
Who Is at Risk
Workers in dye/chemical production, labs, and printing; people without proper protective gear; residents near facilities with releases [1][2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
At work, use local exhaust, gloves, goggles, and respirators as needed; avoid skin contact and eating/drinking in work areas [1]. At home, follow local advisories, use safe water sources, keep children away from potentially contaminated soils, and dispose of chemicals properly [2].
References
- [1]CDC/NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: p-Nitroaniline (CAS 100-01-6).
- [2]U.S. EPA. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): p-Nitroaniline (CASRN 100-01-6) Chemical Assessment Summary.