Where It Comes From
Made as an intermediate for dyes and rubber chemicals; can be released to air, water, or soil during manufacturing, use, or improper disposal [1].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing workplace air; skin contact with powders/solutions; drinking water or contacting soil near facilities or waste sites [1].
Why It Matters
Can cause methemoglobinemia and anemia (headache, dizziness, fatigue, blue/gray skin), and high exposures may affect the nervous system; animal studies show testicular effects. Cancer data are inadequate/not classifiable [1][2].
Who Is at Risk
Workers in dye and rubber-chemical plants; people living near industrial sites or contaminated areas; individuals with anemia or heart/lung disease may be more sensitive to low oxygen in blood [1].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Use workplace controls (enclosed processes, ventilation) and PPE; wash hands, change clothes/shoes after work; don’t bring work dust home; check local water reports and follow public health guidance near cleanup sites [1].
References
- [1]ATSDR. ToxFAQs for 1,4-Dinitrobenzene (1,4-DNB). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
- [2]EPA IRIS. 1,4-Dinitrobenzene (CASRN 100-25-4). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.