Where It Comes From
Produced for azo dye and pigment manufacturing; also used as an intermediate and lab reagent. Some azo dyes can break down to release o‑anisidine [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing dust or vapors at workplaces that make or use dyes; skin contact while handling; less often, contact with contaminated air or water near industrial facilities [1][3].
Why It Matters
Classified as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen (NTP) and possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC). It can also reduce the blood’s ability to carry oxygen (methemoglobinemia) and cause anemia, plus eye and skin irritation [1][2][3].
Who Is at Risk
Workers in dye/pigment manufacturing, printing, and textile processing; maintenance and lab staff handling the chemical; people near poorly controlled facilities [1][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
At work, use closed systems, local exhaust, and appropriate gloves, goggles, and protective clothing; wash thoroughly after handling and avoid bringing residues home. Employers should monitor air and provide training and PPE [3].
References
- [1]U.S. NTP. Report on Carcinogens, 15th Ed. o-Anisidine and o-Anisidine hydrochloride.
- [2]IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 2-Anisidine and 2-Anisidine hydrochloride.
- [3]CDC/NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: o-Anisidine (o‑methoxyaniline).