Where It Comes From
Production/use of nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in detergents, textile and paper processing, and industrial cleaning; releases to wastewater and sediments [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Low levels in drinking water, indoor dust, and some foods; higher exposure from contaminated fish/shellfish and on-the-job contact in cleaning, textiles, or pulp and paper [1][3].
Why It Matters
Highly toxic to aquatic organisms; persists and builds up in sediments; endocrine-disrupting activity seen in animals; human data are limited but hormonal and reproductive effects are a concern [1][2][3].
Who Is at Risk
Industrial and commercial cleaners, textile and paper workers; people near wastewater discharges; frequent consumers of locally caught fish; infants and children [1][2][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Choose products labeled NPE-free/nonylphenol-free; follow local fish advisories; use gloves and ventilation for industrial cleaners; wash hands and reduce dust [1][2][3].
References
- [1]U.S. EPA. Nonylphenol (NP) and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPEs) Action Plan. 2010.
- [2]U.S. EPA. Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria – Nonylphenol (Final). EPA-822-R-05-005, 2005.
- [3]CDC, National Biomonitoring Program. 4-Nonylphenol – Biomonitoring Summary.