Where It Comes From
Byproduct of chloramination/disinfection of drinking and wastewater; formation during some industrial processes; present in tobacco smoke and certain foods like cured meats and beer [1][3][4].
How You Are Exposed
Drinking chloraminated or contaminated water; eating cured/smoked foods and some beverages; breathing tobacco smoke; workplace exposure in wastewater treatment or related industries [1][3][4].
Why It Matters
Liver is the main target; high doses cause liver injury. Classified as probably/anticipated human carcinogen by IARC and NTP; EPA considers it a probable human carcinogen [1][2][3].
Who Is at Risk
People who smoke; those who drink affected water or frequently eat cured/smoked foods; workers where NDMA can form [1][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Check your water utility’s reports and follow advisories; consider alternative water if NDMA is elevated. Limit cured/smoked foods; avoid tobacco smoke; follow workplace safety controls [1][3][4].
References
- [1]ATSDR. ToxFAQs for N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).
- [2]IARC. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (Group 2A) — IARC Monographs.
- [3]EPA IRIS. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (CASRN 62-75-9).
- [4]WHO. N‑Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) — Guidelines for Drinking‑water Quality background document.