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CAS 96180-79-9

MICROCYSTIN-LA

Microcystin‑LA is a potent liver‑damaging toxin made by certain blue‑green algae during harmful algal blooms. It matters because it can contaminate drinking and recreational water and make people and pets sick at very low levels [1][2][3].

Where It Comes From

Freshwater cyanobacteria in warm, nutrient‑rich lakes and rivers; one variant in the microcystin family [1].

How You Are Exposed

Drinking contaminated tap/well water, swimming or boating in bloom areas, inhaling spray, or eating fish/shellfish from bloom waters (especially organs) [1][3].

Why It Matters

Can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and liver injury; repeated exposure may harm the liver. Health benchmarks for microcystins are low: 0.3–1.6 µg/L (short‑term drinking water), 1 µg/L (lifetime, microcystin‑LR), and 8 µg/L for recreation [1][2][4][3].

Who Is at Risk

Infants and young children, pregnant people, those with liver disease, and pets (dogs) [1][2].

How to Lower Your Exposure

Follow bloom advisories; keep kids and pets out of scummy water; don’t boil contaminated water; use alternate water or certified treatment; rinse off after contact; avoid eating fish organs from bloom areas [1][2][3].

References

  1. [1]ATSDR. Cyanobacterial Toxins (Cyanotoxins) ToxFAQs, 2023. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/cyanobacterial_toxins_cyanotoxins/index.html
  2. [2]EPA. Drinking Water Health Advisory for the Cyanobacterial Microcystins, 2015. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-06/documents/microcystins-report-2015.pdf
  3. [3]EPA. Recreational Ambient Water Quality Criteria/Swimming Advisories for Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin, 2019. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-05/documents/microcystins-cylindrospermopsin-recreational-criteria-2019.pdf
  4. [4]WHO. Microcystin‑LR in Drinking-water: Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CED-PHE-WSH-19.14

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