Linuron

Applied to agricultural fields and rights‑of‑way; residues can remain on treated crops and reach groundwater or streams via runoff [1][2].

Eating produce with residues; breathing spray drift or dust near fields; skin contact when mixing/applying; drinking contaminated well water in farming areas [1][2].

In animals, linuron can disrupt androgen (male hormone) signaling and affect male development and the thyroid; EPA has also reviewed limited evidence for cancer and sets safety limits to protect consumers [2][5].

Farmworkers and pesticide applicators; people living near treated fields; pregnant people, infants, and children, who are more sensitive to endocrine effects [1][2][5].

Wash and peel produce when possible; avoid areas during and shortly after spraying; if you use a private well near agriculture, consider testing and a certified filter for pesticides; workers should follow label directions and use protective gear [2][3][4].