Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene

traffic and diesel exhaust; wood/coal stoves; wildfires; tobacco smoke; some industries; it sticks to fine air particles [1][4].

breathing polluted or smoky air; eating charred/grilled or smoked foods; contact with road dust/soil; certain jobs (asphalt, foundry, firefighting, vehicle repair) [1][4].

can damage DNA; EPA classifies it as a probable human carcinogen; IARC deems it possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B). PAH mixtures are linked to breathing and developmental effects [2][3][1][4].

people near heavy traffic or industry; users of wood stoves; workers around combustion byproducts; smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke; infants, children, and pregnant people [1][4].

avoid tobacco smoke; use and maintain vented, clean‑burning heaters; limit charred/smoked foods; reduce time near heavy traffic; check air quality and use filtration on smoky days; wet‑wipe dust; wash hands after outdoor activities [1][4].