Where It Comes From
Older expanded/extruded polystyrene (EPS/XPS) insulation, electronic housings, and upholstery textiles; releases during use, wear, demolition, and waste/recycling; found in indoor dust and waterways [1][2][3].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing or ingesting household dust; eating contaminated fish/seafood and fatty foods; workers may inhale more during construction, demolition, or recycling [1][2].
Why It Matters
Detected in human blood and breast milk; crosses the placenta [1]. Animal studies show effects on the nervous system, thyroid hormones, and liver; toxic to aquatic life [1][2]. EPA restricts many uses because HBCD is a PBT chemical [3].
Who Is at Risk
Infants and toddlers (hand-to-mouth dust), pregnant people, workers handling foam insulation or e‑waste, and those near manufacturing or recycling sites [1][2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Damp-dust and HEPA vacuum; wash hands before eating; avoid disturbing old foam insulation—use protective gear and contain debris; follow local fish advisories; choose products without HBCD per EPA rules [1][3].
References
- [1]ATSDR. ToxFAQs: Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), 2017.
- [2]U.S. EPA. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) Action Plan Summary, 2010.
- [3]U.S. EPA. TSCA Section 6(h) PBT Chemicals Final Rule: HBCD, 2021.