Where It Comes From
Consumer products (paints/varnishes, glass and degreasing cleaners, inks, brake fluid) and workplace processes; vapors can linger indoors after use [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing vapors during use, skin contact with liquids or wet surfaces, and contaminated work clothes; highest exposures occur at work [1][2].
Why It Matters
Short-term effects include irritation, headaches, nausea. High or repeated exposure can damage red blood cells (e.g., 2‑butoxyethanol) and affect liver/kidneys; certain ethylene glycol ethers (2‑methoxyethanol, 2‑ethoxyethanol) are linked to reduced fertility and developmental effects in humans and animals [1][2][3].
Who Is at Risk
Painters, custodial/cleaning staff, printing/auto repair and semiconductor workers; pregnant workers and fetuses; people using these products in small, poorly ventilated rooms [1][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Choose products without 2‑methoxyethanol/2‑ethoxyethanol (or their acetates); use outdoors or with strong ventilation; wear solvent‑resistant gloves and avoid skin contact; keep containers closed; wash after use; employers should substitute safer products and provide protective equipment [1][2][3].
References
- [1]ATSDR. ToxFAQs for 2-Butoxyethanol and 2-Butoxyethanol Acetate.
- [2]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for 2-Methoxyethanol, 2-Ethoxyethanol, and their Acetates.
- [3]NTP-CERHR. Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Ethylene Glycol Ethers (2-ME, 2-EE, and their acetates).