Where It Comes From
Manufacture/use of PFOS-based or similar PFAS surfactants in textiles, paper, metal-plating, and AFFF firefighting foams [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Drinking water near contaminated sites, indoor dust, certain foods (fish, game), or jobs using AFFF or PFAS-treated coatings [1][2].
Why It Matters
PFAS exposure is linked to immune effects (reduced vaccine response), higher cholesterol, liver and developmental effects; PFOA causes cancer in humans [1][2][3].
Who Is at Risk
People with PFAS-contaminated water (near airports, military bases, fluorochemical plants), firefighters, textile/paper workers, pregnant people and infants [1][2][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Use certified carbon or reverse-osmosis filters, follow local water and fish advisories, choose PFAS-free products, wet-dust/HEPA-vacuum, and follow workplace safety guidance [1][2][4].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (PFAS). 2021. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp200.pdf
- [2]U.S. EPA. PFAS Explained. https://www.epa.gov/pfas/pfas-explained
- [3]NTP. Immunotoxicity of PFOA and PFOS (Monograph). 2016. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/finished/pfoa
- [4]ATSDR/CDC. How can I reduce my exposure to PFAS? https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects/reduce-exposure.html