Fluorene

coal tar/creosote, vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, tobacco and wood smoke, asphalt, and grilled or smoked foods [1][2].

breathing smoke or traffic exhaust; skin contact with creosote-treated wood, coal-tar sealants, or asphalt; eating charred foods; soil/dust near facilities using coal tar [1][2].

can irritate skin/eyes; high doses harmed liver and kidneys in animals; cancer risk is not classifiable in humans (IARC Group 3). Urine can show hydroxyfluorene metabolites after recent exposure [1][3][4].

workers handling coal tar, creosote, or asphalt; people who smoke or have heavy secondhand smoke; residents near coking/wood-treatment plants or heavy traffic; young children [1][2].

don’t smoke; ventilate cooking and avoid charring; limit time near idling traffic; avoid contact with creosote-treated wood/coal-tar sealants; remove shoes, wet-mop, handwash; use PPE and hygiene at work [1][2].