Where It Comes From
Human feces and respiratory secretions; sewage leaks/overflows; childcare settings; recreational waters (lakes, splash pads, pools), especially in late summer–fall [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Swallowing contaminated water, touching contaminated surfaces then your mouth, close contact with an infected person, or during diaper changes [1].
Why It Matters
Usually mild (fever, runny nose, sore throat, rash, hand-foot-and-mouth disease), but can cause conjunctivitis, viral meningitis, myocarditis, and severe illness in newborns [1][2].
Who Is at Risk
Infants and young children, people with weakened immune systems, and those in crowded or childcare settings [1].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Wash hands with soap after bathroom/diapering; don’t swallow recreational water; clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces; stay home when sick; manage diapers safely; ensure safe drinking water during sewage events [1][2].
References
- [1]CDC. Non-Polio Enteroviruses. https://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/index.html
- [2]WHO. Hand, foot and mouth disease. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease
- [3]U.S. EPA. Microbial Risk Assessment Guideline: Pathogenic Microorganisms with Focus on Food and Water. https://www.epa.gov/risk/microbial-risk-assessment-guideline-pathogenic-microorganisms-focus-food-and-water