Where It Comes From
Leaks or releases from older refrigeration/air-conditioning systems and legacy cylinders; some specialized industrial uses [2].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing vapors during equipment leaks or servicing—especially in enclosed areas; skin or eye contact with the extremely cold liquid [1].
Why It Matters
Short-term exposure can cause dizziness, drowsiness, and poor coordination; very high levels may trigger irregular heartbeat or suffocation. Liquid contact can cause frostbite. It’s also a strong ozone-depleting and high–global-warming gas [1][2].
Who Is at Risk
HVAC/refrigeration technicians and others recovering or recycling refrigerants; people in confined or poorly ventilated spaces near leaks; those with heart disease or using epinephrine/stimulants may be more prone to arrhythmias [1].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Replace or retrofit equipment that uses CFCs; have only certified technicians service and recover refrigerants; improve ventilation and use leak detection; never vent refrigerant; follow EPA rules for handling and disposal [2][3][1].
References
- [1]CDC/NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro- (CFC-114). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/
- [2]U.S. EPA. Ozone-Depleting Substances (Class I and Class II). https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/ozone-depleting-substances
- [3]U.S. EPA. Section 608 Refrigerant Management Requirements. https://www.epa.gov/section608