Where It Comes From
Chrome electroplating and anodizing; chromate primers/pigments and corrosion inhibitors; welding or cutting stainless steel; industrial air and water discharges [1][3].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing workplace fumes or dust; skin contact with solutions or contaminated dust; drinking water from affected wells or systems; living near plating/metal finishing facilities or waste sites [1][2].
Why It Matters
Linked to lung and sinonasal cancers; nose and lung irritation, asthma‑like symptoms, and nasal septum damage; skin ulcers (“chrome holes”) and allergic rashes; stomach, kidney, or liver effects after swallowing [1][2][3].
Who Is at Risk
Workers in electroplating, welding, and chromate coating/painting; nearby residents; people with asthma or skin conditions [1][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
At work, use ventilation, enclosures, protective gear, and hygiene per safety rules; at home, test private wells if near industry, use certified treatment (e.g., reverse osmosis or anion exchange), avoid sanding chromate paints, and wash off residues promptly [1][3][4].
References
- [1]ATSDR. ToxFAQs for Chromium. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts7.html
- [2]IARC. Chromium(VI) compounds. IARC Monographs, Vol. 100C (2012). https://publications.iarc.fr/120
- [3]NTP. Chromium (hexavalent compounds). Report on Carcinogens, 15th Ed. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/roc
- [4]EPA. Technical Fact Sheet – Hexavalent Chromium (2017). https://www.epa.gov/fedfac/technical-fact-sheet-chromium-vi-hexavalent-chromium