Where It Comes From
Agricultural seed treatments; small amounts can move into soil and water or remain as low residues on foods grown from treated seed [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Handling or planting treated seed, breathing seed dust, skin/eye contact during mixing/loading, and, to a lesser extent, eating foods or drinking water with residues near treated fields [1].
Why It Matters
Can irritate eyes/skin; repeated high-dose exposure affected the liver in animals. EPA does not consider carboxin likely to cause cancer at typical exposures; WHO/FAO set an acceptable daily intake [1][2].
Who Is at Risk
Farmers, seed-treatment workers, applicators, and people nearby during planting activities [1].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Follow label directions; wear gloves, eye protection, and appropriate respiratory protection when handling treated seed; avoid dust; never use treated seed for food or feed; store securely; wash up after use; rinse produce; check local water if near treated fields [1][2].
References
- [1]U.S. EPA. Carboxin: Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED). Office of Pesticide Programs, 2004. https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-reevaluation
- [2]WHO/FAO JMPR. Carboxin and oxycarboxin: toxicological evaluation and ADI. Pesticide Residues in Food, 1995. https://inchem.org/pages/jmpr.html