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CAS 128-66-5

C.I. Vat Yellow 4

C.I. Vat Yellow 4 is a synthetic vat dye used mainly to color cotton and other cellulose fibers. It matters because workers can be exposed during dye manufacturing and use, and some industrial dyes have been linked to cancer; data for this specific dye are limited [1][2].

Where It Comes From

Made for textile (and sometimes paper) dyeing; can enter wastewater from dyehouses and finishing operations [3].

How You Are Exposed

At work by breathing dye dust/mists or through skin contact with powders and dye baths; near facilities via wastewater; at home via handling dyed goods (generally low) [3].

Why It Matters

Certain dye classes (e.g., benzidine-based) cause bladder cancer; evidence for Vat Yellow 4 itself is limited. Skin/eye irritation can occur from dye/process chemicals [1][2][4].

Who Is at Risk

Dye and textile workers, maintenance/cleaning staff, and people living near poorly controlled textile wastewater discharges [3].

How to Lower Your Exposure

Use closed handling and local exhaust; wear gloves and eye/skin protection; wash hands/work clothes. Employers should monitor dust and substitute safer dyes when feasible [4]. Consumers can wash new textiles and favor brands with strong wastewater controls [3].

References

  1. [1]IARC. Some Aromatic Amines, Organic Dyes, and Related Exposures (Monographs Vol. 99). 2010.
  2. [2]NTP. Report on Carcinogens, 15th Ed.—Benzidine and Dyes Metabolized to Benzidine. 2021.
  3. [3]U.S. EPA. Textile Mills Effluent Guidelines (40 CFR Part 410).
  4. [4]CDC/NIOSH. Hierarchy of Controls; Skin Exposures and Effects.

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