Where It Comes From
Industrial dye used in polishes, oils, waxes, plastics, leather, and some inks; occasionally detected as an adulterant in spices and oils [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Eating contaminated spices/oils; breathing dust or getting skin contact in workplaces that make or use dyes and colored products [1][2].
Why It Matters
IARC: not classifiable for human cancer risk (Group 3), but it caused tumors in experimental animals and can form DNA‑reactive breakdown products; it is not permitted in foods in many jurisdictions [1][2].
Who Is at Risk
Workers handling dyes, inks, plastics, or leather; people who frequently consume unregulated or imported spices and oils from sources with past adulteration incidents [1][2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Buy spices/oils from reputable brands; check recalls; avoid products flagged for “Sudan dyes”; in workplaces, use local exhaust, gloves, and protective clothing, and wash hands before eating [1][2].
References
- [1]IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Some Aromatic Azo Compounds (includes Sudan I/C.I. Solvent Yellow 14); Overall evaluation: Group 3.
- [2]WHO/FAO INFOSAN. Information on Sudan dyes in food (e.g., guidance and Q&A on incidents and controls for adulterated spices/oils).