Where It Comes From
Produced from brine and seawater; released during manufacturing, transport, or spills; present in some pool and spa chemicals [1][3].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing vapors near leaks or when opening containers; skin/eye contact with liquid or concentrated tablets; fumes in poorly ventilated indoor pools/spas [1][2].
Why It Matters
Burns eyes/skin and strongly irritates the nose and lungs; symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness. High levels can cause lung injury (pulmonary edema) and can be life-threatening [1][2].
Who Is at Risk
Workers in chemical production, oil/gas, water treatment, and pool maintenance; people with asthma/COPD; children [1][2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Follow labels; store locked and upright; ventilate pool/spa areas; never mix chemicals; avoid breathing fumes; wear gloves and eye protection. Employers should use engineering controls and follow exposure limits (e.g., NIOSH REL 0.1 ppm) [2].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Medical Management Guidelines for Bromine. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
- [2]CDC/NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Bromine.
- [3]CDC. Facts About Bromine. Emergency Preparedness and Response.