Benzo(c)phenanthrene

Vehicle and diesel exhaust, residential wood stoves and wildfires, industrial combustion, tobacco smoke, and soot/tars [1][4].

Breathing outdoor or indoor air near traffic or smoke, eating grilled/smoked foods, skin contact with contaminated soil/soot, and certain jobs (asphalt, coke ovens, aluminum production) [1][4].

PAHs can damage DNA; animal studies show B[c]Ph can cause tumors. In people, exposure to PAH mixtures is linked to cancers of the lung, skin, and bladder [1][2].

Smokers and those around them; workers handling hot tar/asphalt or combustion emissions; people near high-traffic or industrial sites; infants, children, and pregnant people [1].

Don’t smoke and avoid secondhand smoke; limit heavily charred/smoked foods; use kitchen exhaust fans and cook with lower flames; damp-dust and wash hands after outdoor play; follow workplace controls and PPE [1][4].