7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole

By‑product of incomplete combustion; found in cigarette smoke, coal‑tar pitch, diesel exhaust, and urban air [1][2].

Breathing smoke or exhaust, secondhand smoke, eating heavily charred or smoked foods, or skin contact with soot/coal‑tar products (e.g., some roofing or paving materials) [2][4].

DBC binds to DNA and can cause mutations and tumors in animals; it contributes to the overall cancer risk from PAH mixtures in polluted air [1][3].

Smokers and their households; workers around coke ovens, aluminum production, asphalt/coal‑tar, or diesel equipment; people living near heavy traffic or industrial sites [2][4].

Don’t smoke and avoid secondhand smoke; ventilate while cooking and avoid charring foods; limit time near idling engines; follow workplace controls, PPE, and hygiene when handling coal‑tar or sooty materials [2][4].