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CAS 7664-41-7

Ammonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing)

Ammonia is a colorless, sharp‑smelling gas used to make fertilizer, in refrigeration, and in many cleaning products. It’s common, but at high levels it can strongly irritate or burn the eyes, lungs, and skin [1][2].

Where It Comes From

Farming (manure, fertilizers), industrial production and refrigeration systems, wastewater treatment plants, and household cleaners; it also forms in water from ammonium salts [1][2].

How You Are Exposed

Breathing fumes during cleaning or farm/industrial work; air near large animal operations or spills; splashes to skin/eyes from concentrated solutions [1][2].

Why It Matters

Causes coughing, wheezing, and eye/throat irritation; high levels can cause chemical burns and life‑threatening lung injury; harmful to fish and aquatic life [1][2][3].

Who Is at Risk

Agricultural and refrigeration workers, fertilizer and chemical plant staff, cleaners/janitors, people living near large livestock or sewage facilities, and those with asthma or COPD [1][2].

How to Lower Your Exposure

Ventilate when cleaning; never mix ammonia with bleach or acids; use gloves/eye protection; store securely; follow workplace safety plans and report leaks promptly [2][4].

References

  1. [1]ATSDR. ToxFAQs for Ammonia (NH3). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/index.asp
  2. [2]CDC/NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Ammonia. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0028.html
  3. [3]EPA. Aquatic Life Criteria for Ammonia (Freshwater). https://www.epa.gov/wqc/aquatic-life-criteria-ammonia
  4. [4]CDC/NIOSH. Cleaning and Disinfecting: Chemical Hazards to Workers (do not mix bleach and ammonia). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/cleaners/

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