Where It Comes From
Making/using fluorinated surfactants and repellents for metal plating, textiles, paper/packaging, and specialty coatings; related PFAS have also been used in firefighting foams (AFFF) [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Drinking water near industrial sites or military bases using PFAS, indoor dust, treated consumer goods, and workplace air or skin contact [1][2][3].
Why It Matters
Many PFAS last for decades; some are linked to higher cholesterol, liver and immune effects, reduced vaccine response, and developmental effects [1][3].
Who Is at Risk
Workers handling PFAS, firefighters using AFFF, people relying on contaminated private wells, pregnant people, and infants (via formula mixed with contaminated water) [1][2][4].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Use PFAS‑reducing water filters (activated carbon, ion exchange, or reverse osmosis) certified by an independent program; follow local water advisories; limit use of stain‑/water‑repellent treatments; wet‑mop and HEPA‑vacuum dust; follow workplace protections [2][4].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (PFAS), 2021.
- [2]U.S. EPA. PFAS Explained and health/environment risks of PFAS.
- [3]CDC/ATSDR. PFAS and Your Health – Health effects of PFAS.
- [4]U.S. EPA. National Primary Drinking Water Regulation: PFAS (2024) and consumer guidance on reducing PFAS in drinking water.