Where It Comes From
Production/use of water‑, stain‑, and grease‑resistant coatings and some firefighting foams; can break down to long‑chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonates [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Drinking water near industrial sites or bases using AFFF; indoor dust from treated carpets/upholstery; certain consumer products; some foods (e.g., fish) [1][2].
Why It Matters
PFAS exposure has been linked to higher cholesterol, liver and immune changes, developmental effects, and, for some PFAS (e.g., PFOA), cancer [1][3][4].
Who Is at Risk
Workers handling AFFF or fluorinated coatings; communities with contaminated water; pregnant people, fetuses, and infants; high consumers of local contaminated fish [1][2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Check local water; use certified filters (activated carbon or reverse osmosis) for PFAS; reduce dust with wet mopping/HEPA vacuuming; choose products without “stain/water/grease‑resistant” claims; follow guidance for AFFF cleanup [1][2].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (PFAS), 2021.
- [2]U.S. EPA. PFAS Explained and Drinking Water Health Information, 2024.
- [3]IARC Monographs Vol. 135. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): carcinogenic to humans, 2023.
- [4]NTP Monograph. Immunotoxicity of PFOA and PFOS, 2016.