Where It Comes From
Made for stain-, water-, and oil‑repellent products (e.g., floor polishes, paints, textiles, paper); can break down to other PFAS in the environment [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Drinking water near PFAS sources; indoor dust from treated carpets/fabrics; workplace exposures; some firefighting foams and industrial uses [1][2].
Why It Matters
PFAS are very persistent; some related PFAS are linked to higher cholesterol, reduced vaccine response, developmental and liver effects; PFOA (a related PFAS) is carcinogenic to humans [1][4][5].
Who Is at Risk
Workers handling PFAS or AFFF; communities with contaminated water; pregnant people, infants, and young children due to greater vulnerability and dust ingestion [1][2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Choose PFAS‑free products; skip optional stain‑resistant treatments; HEPA vacuum and wet‑mop; use certified activated carbon or reverse‑osmosis filters; follow local water advisories; wash hands before eating, especially for kids [2][3].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (PFAS). 2021 update.
- [2]U.S. EPA. PFAS Explained; Drinking Water Health Advisories and MCLs. 2022–2024.
- [3]CDC/ATSDR. PFAS and Your Health: Exposure and Reducing Exposure. 2022–2024.
- [4]IARC Monographs Vol. 135. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). 2023.
- [5]NTP. Monograph on Immunotoxicity Associated with PFOA and PFOS. 2016.