Poly(difluoromethylene), α-fluoro-ω-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, hydrogen 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate

Made for stain- and water‑resistant coatings, surfactants, and fluoropolymer production; releases can occur during manufacturing, product use, and disposal [1][2].

Contaminated drinking water, food, household dust, certain products, and workplaces handling PFAS; also areas where firefighting foams were used [1][2][3].

Data on this specific chemical are limited, but several well‑studied PFAS are linked to higher cholesterol, immune effects (reduced vaccine response), liver and developmental effects, and—for PFOA—higher risk of kidney and testicular cancer [1][2][4].

People with contaminated water supplies, PFAS manufacturing and firefighting workers, pregnant people, infants, and children [1][2][3].

Use certified water filters (activated carbon or reverse osmosis), follow fish advisories, choose PFAS‑free products, reduce dust (wet cleaning/HEPA vacuum), and follow workplace safety guidance [2][3].