Where It Comes From
Made or used in fluoropolymer production and surface‑treatment products; can form as a breakdown product of PFAS‑treated goods [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Indoor air and dust from treated carpets/upholstery, contaminated drinking water, some food contact materials, and workplace air [1][2][3].
Why It Matters
PFAS persist and some convert to perfluoroalkyl acids linked to immune effects, higher cholesterol, liver changes, lower birth weight, and certain cancers (e.g., PFOA) [1][3][4][5].
Who Is at Risk
Workers handling PFAS, people using contaminated water, pregnant people, infants/children, and high fish consumers in impacted areas [1][2][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Use certified filters (reverse osmosis or activated carbon) for PFAS, reduce stain‑resistant sprays/textiles, wet‑dust/HEPA vacuum, ventilate, and follow local water and fish advisories [2][1][3].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (PFAS). 2021 update.
- [2]U.S. EPA. PFAS in Drinking Water: National Primary Drinking Water Regulation and consumer guidance. 2024.
- [3]CDC/ATSDR. PFAS and Your Health. Ongoing web guidance.
- [4]IARC. Monographs Vol. 135: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). 2023.
- [5]NTP. Immunotoxicity of PFOA and PFOS in Humans. NTP Monograph, 2016.