Where It Comes From
Firefighting foams (AFFF); metal plating/mist suppressants; water‑ and stain‑repellent coatings for textiles and paper; fluorochemical manufacturing [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Drinking contaminated water; eating fish/seafood from affected waters; indoor dust; workplace contact near airports, military bases, or PFAS‑using plants [1][2].
Why It Matters
PFAS can remain in the body for years; studies of related PFAS link exposure with higher cholesterol, reduced vaccine antibody response, liver and developmental effects, and some cancers (e.g., PFOA) [1][3][4].
Who Is at Risk
People using private wells near AFFF sites; firefighters and fluorochemical workers; pregnant people; infants and children (higher intake per body weight) [1][2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Check local water results; consider certified filters (activated carbon or reverse osmosis); follow fish advisories; damp‑dust and use a HEPA vacuum; follow workplace hygiene and gear‑cleaning guidance [2][5][6].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (2021). https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp200.pdf
- [2]U.S. EPA. PFAS Explained. https://www.epa.gov/pfas/pfas-explained
- [3]NTP. Monograph on Immunotoxicity Associated with Exposure to PFOA or PFOS (2016). https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/completed/pfoa
- [4]IARC. Monographs Vol. 131: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (2023). https://publications.iarc.fr/604
- [5]U.S. EPA. Technologies for PFAS Removal from Drinking Water (GAC, IX, RO). https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/reducing-pfas-drinking-water
- [6]ATSDR/CDC. PFAS and Your Health: Steps You Can Take. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/reduce_exposure.html