2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,14-pentacosafluorotetradecyl ester

Manufacturing and use of water/oil‑repellent treatments, treated carpets and fabrics, leather, paper/food packaging, and paints/coatings [1][2].

Indoor air and dust from treated products, spray application indoors, contaminated drinking water near plants or firefighting sites, some foods, and workplace air/skin contact [1][2][3].

PFAS exposure is linked to higher cholesterol, liver and thyroid changes, reduced vaccine antibody response, and pregnancy‑induced hypertension; some PFAS (e.g., PFOA) cause cancer in humans [1][3][4].

Workers handling fluorinated coatings; people near manufacturing, contaminated water, or firefighting training areas; pregnant people, infants, and children [1][3].

Choose PFAS‑free or untreated textiles and paper; avoid or minimize use of stain‑repellent sprays (use outdoors/ventilate); clean with HEPA vacuum and wet dusting; check water reports and use certified activated carbon or reverse osmosis filters; follow local fish advisories [2][3].