Where It Comes From
Made for azo dye/pigment production and research; may be found in some strongly dyed materials from legacy or non‑compliant sources [1].
How You Are Exposed
Mostly at work by skin contact or breathing dust/vapors during manufacture, handling, or dyeing; the public could have skin contact with dyed textiles/leather if present [1][3].
Why It Matters
Causes liver tumors in animals; cancer concern for people. Can irritate skin/eyes and is absorbed through skin [1][2][3].
Who Is at Risk
Workers in dye/pigment manufacturing, laboratories, and textile/leather processing; people frequently handling the pure chemical or contaminated materials [1][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
At work, use gloves, protective clothing, and local exhaust ventilation; avoid skin contact and follow hygiene practices. As a consumer, check product information, wash new dyed items before use, and limit prolonged skin contact with strongly dyed materials if concerned [3].
References
- [1]IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Some Aromatic Azo Compounds. IARC; classification of 4‑aminoazobenzene (Group 2B).
- [2]National Toxicology Program (NTP). Report on Carcinogens, 15th ed. p‑Aminoazobenzene—Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen.
- [3]CDC/NIOSH. Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: p‑Aminoazobenzene (CAS 60‑09‑3). Exposure routes, hazards, and controls.