Where It Comes From
Produced for refrigeration and foam manufacturing; released by leaks during production, use, servicing, or disposal of equipment [1].
How You Are Exposed
Mostly by breathing vapors in workplaces or near leaking equipment; liquid contact can intensely chill skin/eyes; in confined or low‑lying areas, vapors can displace oxygen [2][3].
Why It Matters
Short‑term high exposure can cause dizziness, headache, nausea, or loss of consciousness; direct contact with the cold liquid can cause frostbite. As an HCFC, it also depletes ozone [1][2][3].
Who Is at Risk
HVAC and foam‑manufacturing workers; people working in poorly ventilated or confined spaces; bystanders during indoor leaks [2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Maintain equipment and fix leaks promptly; ventilate areas; avoid confined spaces when a leak is suspected; use EPA‑certified technicians for service and refrigerant recovery; wear appropriate PPE and follow safety instructions [1][2].
References
- [1]U.S. EPA. Phaseout of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
- [2]U.S. EPA. Refrigerant Safety and Safe Handling under Section 608. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
- [3]CDC/NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Chlorodifluoromethane (R‑22). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.