Where It Comes From
Older refrigeration/AC systems, some fire suppression and aerosol products; its production and use are being phased out in the U.S. to protect the ozone layer [1].
How You Are Exposed
Mainly by inhaling air near a leak or during equipment servicing; contact with the cold liquid can freeze (frostbite) skin or eyes [2].
Why It Matters
Can displace oxygen and depress the central nervous system; very high levels may trigger irregular heartbeat. When heated or burning, it can form toxic hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride. It also harms the ozone layer and contributes to climate change [1][2].
Who Is at Risk
HVAC/refrigeration workers; fire‑suppression and aerosol workers; people in small, poorly ventilated rooms with leaking units; those with heart conditions [2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Maintain equipment and fix leaks promptly using EPA‑certified technicians; ensure good ventilation; never intentionally vent refrigerants; consider approved alternatives with lower ozone/climate impact [1][3].
References
- [1]U.S. EPA. Phaseout of Class II Ozone‑Depleting Substances (HCFCs). https://www.epa.gov/ods-phaseout/phaseout-class-ii-ozone-depleting-substances
- [2]CDC/NIOSH. Preventing Deaths of Workers Who Repair or Service Refrigeration or Air‑Conditioning Equipment (2014‑113). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-113/
- [3]U.S. EPA. Section 608 Refrigerant Management Program. https://www.epa.gov/section608