Where It Comes From
Used in surface‑treatment polymers for textiles, carpets, leather, paper/packaging, paints, floor finishes, and sealants; made by fluorochemical manufacturers [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Indoor dust and air from treated items, contact with coated textiles/paper, contaminated drinking water near manufacturing sites or AFFF firefighting foam use, and workplace exposure [1][2].
Why It Matters
Very persistent (“forever chemical”) and can degrade to PFOS. PFAS exposure has been linked to reduced vaccine response, higher cholesterol, developmental effects, and some cancers (e.g., PFOA) [1][3][5].
Who Is at Risk
Fluorochemical and textile/paper workers; people near PFAS plants or firefighting training areas; pregnant people, fetuses, and infants (PFAS crosses the placenta and is found in breast milk) [1][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Choose PFAS‑free or untreated products; avoid optional stain‑/water‑repellent treatments; wet‑dust and HEPA‑vacuum; wash hands before eating; use certified filters (granular activated carbon or reverse osmosis) and check local water testing results [2][6].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (PFAS). 2021.
- [2]EPA. PFAS Explained: Human Health and Environmental Risks. Updated 2024.
- [3]NTP. Immunotoxicity of PFOA and PFOS. 2016.
- [4]IARC. Carcinogenicity of PFOA and PFOS (Monographs Vol. 135). 2023.
- [5]EPA. Reducing PFAS in Drinking Water with Treatment Technologies. 2023–2024.