Where It Comes From
Made for use in oxidative hair dyes and related cosmetic dye formulations [1].
How You Are Exposed
Mainly through skin contact when mixing or applying hair dye; smaller amounts by breathing vapors or aerosols in salons or during manufacturing [1][2].
Why It Matters
IARC classifies 2,4-diaminoanisole and its sulfate as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), based on sufficient evidence in animals. Occupational exposures in hairdressing are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) [1][2].
Who Is at Risk
Salon workers and barbers; frequent at‑home users of permanent hair dyes; workers who make or handle dye ingredients [2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Choose products that do not list 2,4‑diaminoanisole (or its sulfate); wear gloves and avoid skin contact; mix/apply in well‑ventilated areas; follow package directions and wash skin promptly after contact.
References
- [1]IARC Monographs, Volume 57 (1993): Occupational Exposures of Hairdressers and Barbers and Hair Colourants; Some Hair Dyes, Cosmetic Colourants, Industrial Dyes and Related Exposures. World Health Organization.
- [2]IARC Monographs, Volume 100F (2012): Chemical Agents and Related Occupations — Occupational exposures in hairdressing. World Health Organization.