Where It Comes From
A major component of gasoline; released during fuel production, storage, fueling, and from vehicle/fuel vapors [1].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing fumes at gas stations or near engines; workplace exposure in refineries, fuel blending, or auto repair; skin contact with fuel; drinking water impacted by spills or leaking tanks [1][2].
Why It Matters
Short-term high levels can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness; very high levels can cause fainting. If swallowed and entering the lungs, it can cause chemical pneumonia. Repeated contact can irritate/dry skin. Not currently classified as a human carcinogen [1][2].
Who Is at Risk
Fuel and auto workers; people frequently pumping gas; those near fuel leaks; children and people with breathing problems may be more sensitive to fumes [1][2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Avoid breathing fumes; don’t “top off”; stand upwind and turn off the engine; store fuel tightly sealed outdoors; use gasoline-powered tools outside; fix leaks promptly; if swallowed, do not induce vomiting—get medical care [1][2].
References
- [1]ATSDR. ToxFAQs for 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane).
- [2]CDC/NIOSH. Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane.