Where It Comes From
Made and used in manufacturing (e.g., surface treatments, coatings, metal processing); releases can occur during production, use, and disposal, contributing to PFAS in water, soil, and dust [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated food, breathing or ingesting household dust, and contact with treated products; workers may have higher workplace air or dermal exposure [1][2][3].
Why It Matters
PFAS as a group persist and can accumulate in blood. Exposure to some PFAS has been linked to immune effects, higher cholesterol, liver and thyroid changes, developmental effects, and certain cancers (evidence strongest for PFOA/PFOS) [1][2][4].
Who Is at Risk
Workers in fluorochemical manufacturing, metal plating, and firefighting (AFFF use); people in communities near industrial sites or contaminated water; pregnant people and infants [1][2][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Check local water quality; use certified filters that reduce PFAS (reverse osmosis or activated carbon) if needed; choose PFAS‑free products; avoid unnecessary stain/water‑resistant treatments; clean with HEPA vacuum/wet dust; follow workplace safety and hygiene practices [2][3].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (PFAS). 2021.
- [2]U.S. EPA. PFAS: Human Health and Environmental Risks and Actions. 2024.
- [3]CDC/ATSDR. PFAS and Your Health (Exposure and Guidance). 2024.
- [4]NTP. Immunotoxicity of PFOA and PFOS (Systematic Review). 2016.