Where It Comes From
Made for stain-, water-, and oil-resistant treatments in textiles, paper, and industrial coatings; used as a specialty surfactant. Some PFAS “precursors” can transform into more persistent PFAS in the environment [1][2].
How You Are Exposed
Drinking water near manufacturing, firefighting foam use, or waste sites; indoor dust from treated carpets/upholstery; food (packaging, fish/wildlife from contaminated areas); workplace exposure where PFAS are made or used [1][2][3].
Why It Matters
Studies of related PFAS link exposure with increased cholesterol, reduced vaccine response (immune effects), liver and thyroid changes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and certain cancers (e.g., kidney/testicular for PFOA) [1][2][4][5].
Who Is at Risk
Workers handling PFAS; residents near PFAS facilities or airports/military bases with AFFF; pregnant people, fetuses, infants/young children; people who eat a lot of locally caught fish from contaminated waters [1][2][3].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Use certified water filters (activated carbon or reverse osmosis) for PFAS; follow local water and fish advisories; choose PFAS-free/“fluorine-free” products; skip optional stain-resistant treatments; reduce indoor dust with HEPA vacuuming and wet mopping [2][3].
References
- [1]ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls (PFAS). 2021.
- [2]U.S. EPA. PFAS Explained (Basic Information about PFAS). 2023.
- [3]CDC/ATSDR. PFAS and Your Health.
- [4]NTP. Immunotoxicity Associated with PFOA and PFOS. 2016.
- [5]IARC. Press Release 264: PFOA carcinogenic to humans; PFOS possibly carcinogenic. 2023.