1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b)

Former use in making rigid foam insulation, cleaning electronics/metal parts, and some refrigeration; releases from old foams/equipment and during disposal. [1]

Breathing vapors at workplaces handling legacy foams or refrigerants; short-term high exposure during leaks or spills in enclosed spaces; minor indoor air from aged materials. Liquid contact can cause frostbite. [2]

Short-term exposure can cause dizziness, headache, nausea, and unconsciousness; very high levels may trigger irregular heartbeat and displace oxygen. Irritates eyes/skin; repeated exposure affected liver/kidneys in animals. It also increases UV radiation by depleting ozone. [2][1]

Foam manufacturers, demolition/remediation crews, refrigeration service techs, and waste handlers; anyone working in poorly ventilated areas. [1][2]

Choose HCFC-free products; ventilate; use PPE and leak/spill controls; recover refrigerants and manage old foam per EPA rules; retire and dispose of obsolete equipment properly. [1][2]