Where It Comes From
Fluorochemical production; can occur as an impurity/byproduct in HCFC manufacturing; releases from specialized equipment [1][4]
How You Are Exposed
Breathing vapors at work during manufacture, use, or maintenance; accidental releases from equipment; general public exposure is expected to be low [1][2]
Why It Matters
Short-term high levels can cause dizziness and drowsiness; some HCFCs can trigger irregular heartbeat and, with repeated high exposure, liver effects [2][3]. Environmentally, HCFCs deplete ozone and contribute to climate warming [1]
Who Is at Risk
Workers in chemical manufacturing, refrigerant handling/servicing, and equipment maintenance; people in enclosed, poorly ventilated spaces during leaks; those with heart conditions [1][2][3]
How to Lower Your Exposure
Use certified technicians and do not vent refrigerants; maintain and check equipment for leaks; ensure good ventilation and follow safety data sheets and PPE at work; replace aging HCFC-based systems with safer alternatives [1][2]
References
- [1]U.S. EPA. Phaseout of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). https://www.epa.gov/ods-phaseout
- [2]CDC/NIOSH. Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: HCFC-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg
- [3]ATSDR. ToxFAQs for Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC‑22). https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs
- [4]NIH/NLM PubChem. 1,1-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CAS 812-04-4). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1_1-Dichloro-1_2_2-trifluoroethane