Where It Comes From
Manufacturing and use of HCFCs; leaks from refrigeration/AC and foam equipment; releases during servicing or improper disposal of older systems [1].
How You Are Exposed
Breathing air where it leaks (home, workplace), during equipment maintenance or charging, or near industrial sites; liquid contact during handling [2].
Why It Matters
Short-term effects can include dizziness, headache, and nausea; very high levels can displace oxygen, trigger irregular heartbeat, and cause unconsciousness; liquid can cause frostbite. It also depletes ozone and contributes to climate warming [2][1].
Who Is at Risk
HVAC/refrigeration and foam workers, technicians and first responders, people in small or poorly ventilated spaces, and those with heart conditions or on certain stimulants/epinephrine-type drugs [2].
How to Lower Your Exposure
Use certified technicians, fix leaks promptly, ventilate work areas, avoid confined-space releases, follow PPE/handling instructions, and transition to non‑ozone‑depleting alternatives; dispose of old equipment properly [1][2].
References
- [1]U.S. EPA. Phaseout of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). https://www.epa.gov/ods-phaseout
- [2]U.S. EPA. Refrigerant Safety (Section 608). Health and safety hazards of refrigerants. https://www.epa.gov/section608/refrigerant-safety