Mortality in Southern Italy: Air Pollution, Antibiotics, and Post-Pandemic Trends

In Messina, Italy, infectious disease mortality significantly increased from 13.8 to 44.6 per 100,000 inhabitants post-2020. Air pollution and antibiotic consumption showed non-significant associations with mortality.

Researchers explored the ecological links between air pollution (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3), outpatient antibiotic use, and cause-specific mortality in Messina, Southern Italy, from 2015–2024.

The abstract focuses on findings; it does not give personal how-to steps.

This ecological analysis used district-by-year data (2015–2024) from the Province of Messina, Southern Italy. The study's findings are exploratory due to its ecological design and limited sample size, supporting the need for integrated surveillance.